Flocking, vigilance and maternal recognition

Sheep coordinate much of their activity with other members of a flock. They adjust their positions and can copy one another’s actions. While grazing, animals spread out and reduce competition; when a threat is perceived, they can gather tightly, become vigilant and move toward protection. This organization is a biological response to risk, rather than evidence that sheep lack individual behavior.

Visual signals include posture, pawing and movements within the group. Vocal communication is particularly important between a ewe and her lamb and when an animal is isolated or acutely stressed. Shortly before birth, a ewe may seek separation from the flock, then form a specific bond with her own lambs. Maternal recognition affects which lambs she permits to nurse. Group size, environment, age, sex and reproductive state all influence vigilance and flight distance. These variables help explain why the same sheep can behave differently during ordinary grazing, lambing or unfamiliar handling.